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1.1 Preamble
1.2 The earliest uses of bituminous binders
1.3 The growth of bitumen consumption in Europe
1.4 Sources of binder |
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2.1 The manufacture of bitumen
2.2 Delivery, storage and handling temperatures of bitumens
2.3 Health, safety and environmental aspects of bitumen |
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3.1 Bitumen constitution
3.2 Bitumen structure
3.3 The relationship between constitution and rheology
3.4 The relationship between broad chemical composition and physical properties |
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4.1 Penetration grade bitumens
4.2 Oxidised bitumens
4.3 Hard bitumens
4.4 Cutback bitumens
4.5 Bitumen quality
4.6 The CEN bitumen specifications
4.7 The SHRP/SUPERPAVE bitumen specification |
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5.1 The role of bitumen modifiers in asphalt
5.2 The modification of bitumen
5.3 Multigrade bitumens
5.4 Pigmentable binders
5.5 Fuel resistant binders
5.6 Thermosetting binders
5.7 Cost performance relationships for modified binders |
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6.1 Emulsifiers
6.2 The manufacture of bitumen emulsions
6.3 Properties of bitumen emulsions
6.4 Classification and specification of bitumen emulsions
6.5 Modification of bitumen emulsion properties
6.6 Uses of bitumen emulsions
6.7 Bibliography |
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7.1 Standard specification tests for bitumens
7.2 The Fraass breaking point test
7.3 Viscosity
7.4 The bitumen test data chart
7.5 Temperature susceptibility - penetration index (PI)
7.6 Engineering properties of bitumen
7.7 Other bitumen tests |
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8.1 Bitumen hardening
8.2 Hardening of bitumen during storage, mixing and in service
8.3 Bitumen ageing tests |
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9.1 The principal factors affecting bitumen/aggregate adhesion
9.2 The main disbonding mechanisms
9.3 Methods of measuring and assessing adhesion
9.4 Improving bitumen/aggregate adhesion |
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10.1 The influence of bitumen properties during construction
10.2 The influence of bitumen properties on the performance of asphalts in service |
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11.1 Origins and types of rock
11.2 Aggregate extraction
11.3 Key properties of aggregates
11.4 Categorization of aggregates |
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12.1 Coated macadams
12.2 Hot rolled asphalt
12.3 Thin surfacings
12.4 Choice of asphalts on major carriageways |
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13.1 Recipe specifications for bases and binder courses
13.2 Recipe specifications for surface courses
13.3 Design of bases and binder courses
13.4 Design of surface courses
13.5 Guidance on the selection of mixtures |
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14.1 Types of mixing plants
14.2 The addition of recycled asphalt pavement
14.3 Additive systems
14.4 Production control testing of asphalts |
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15.1 Transportation
15.2 Use of tack coats
15.3 Pavers
15.4 Additional screed systems
15.5 Paving operations
15.6 Compaction
15.7 Specification and field control |
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16.1 Fundamental tests
16.2 Simulative tests
16.3 Empirical tests
16.4 Determination of recovered bitumen properties |
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17.1 Stiffness of asphalts
17.2 Permanent deformation of asphalts
17.3 Fatigue characteristics of asphalts |
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18.1 The importance of stiffness
18.2 The structural elements of a flexible pavement
18.3 Factors involved in pavement design
18.4 Empirical and semi-empirical pavement design
18.5 Analytical pavement design using the Shell Pavement Design Method |
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19.1 Surface dressing
19.2 Slurry surfacings/micro surfacings
19.3. High friction surfaces
19.4 Foamed bitumen
19.5 Application of a coloured surface treatment
19.6 Recycling asphalts
19.7 Grouted macadams |
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20.1 Airfield pavements
20.2 Railway applications
20.3 Bridges
20.4 Asphalts for recreational areas
20.5 Motor racing tracks
20.6 Vehicle testing circuits
20.7 Hydraulic applications
20.8 Coloured surfacings
20.9 Asphalt kerbs |
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A1 Physical constants of bitumens
A2 Conversion factors for viscosities
A3 Blending charts and formulae
A4 Calculation of bitumen film thickness in an asphalt |
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